The High-Luminosity LHC, which is
expected to be operational after 2025, will increase the LHC’s luminosity by a factor of 10. Luminosity is an important indicator of the performance of an
accelerator: it is proportional to the number of collisions that occur in a given amount of time. The higher the luminosity, the more data the experiments can gather to allow them to observe rare processes.
To achieve this major upgrade, scientists and engineers are optimising all of the collider’s parameters. Several technologies, some of which are completely innovative, are being developed.